[1]马 丹.ELISA法在艾滋病HIV抗体筛查中的应用价值[J].医学信息,2021,34(19):172-174.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2021.19.047]
　MA Dan.Application Value of ELISA in HIV Antibody Screening of AIDS[J].Medical Information,2021,34(19):172-174.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2021.19.047]
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ELISA法在艾滋病HIV抗体筛查中的应用价值()
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医学信息[ISSN:1006-1959/CN:61-1278/R]

卷:
34卷
期数:
2021年19期
页码:
172-174
栏目:
诊疗技术
出版日期:
2021-10-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
Application Value of ELISA in HIV Antibody Screening of AIDS
文章编号:
1006-1959（2021）19-0172-03
作者:
马 丹
无锡市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科，江苏 无锡 21400
Author(s):
MA Dan
Microbiological Laboratory of Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu,China
关键词:
艾滋病; HIV抗体; ELISA法; 胶体金法
Keywords:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome;  Human immunodeficiency virus antibody;  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;  Colloidal gold
分类号:
R512.91
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2021.19.047
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
目的 分析艾滋病检验中HIV抗体酶联免疫吸附剂测定法（ELISA）的筛查价值。方法 选取我中心2018年12月-2020年12月共359例疑似艾滋病患者作为研究对象，分别通过胶体金法和ELISA法进行筛查，以免疫印迹法检测结果作为金标准，比较ELISA和胶体金法检测阳性率、灵敏度、特异度、检测时间及成本，并分析ELISA筛查结果的影响因素。结果 359例疑似艾滋病患者中，免疫印迹法检测显示HIV抗体阳性337例，阳性率为93.87%。ELISA法检测HIV抗体阳性率、灵敏度、特异度高于胶体金法（93.04% vs 87.74%）、（97.95% vs 95.17%）、（83.33% vs 21.43%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ELISA法检测时间长于胶体金法，检测成本低于胶体金法，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ELISA法检测HIV抗体共出现7例假阳性，其中2例因血液标本未妥善处理、2例血液标本污染、3例血液标本溶血。结论 ELISA法与胶体金法检测HIV抗体均具有一定的临床价值，相比之下ELISA法敏感度、特异度更高，可作为临床首选方式。但ELISA法检测过程中应注意检测的规范性，对标本、试剂、温度、操作流程等各方面进行干预，从而避免假阴性、假阳性的出现，进一步提高临床检测的准确性。
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the application value of ELISA method in HIV antibody screening of AIDS.Methods A total of 359 suspected AIDS patients in our center from December 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and screened by the colloidal gold and ELISA methods respectively, regarded the Western blotting as the golden standard, the positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, detection time and cost of ELISA and colloidal gold method were compared, and the influencing factors of ELISA screening results were analyzed.Results Among the 359 suspected AIDS patients, 223 cases showed HIV antibody positive by Western blotting, with a positive rate of 93.87%. The positive rate, sensitivity and specificity of ELISA method were higher than those of colloidal gold method (93.04% vs 87.74%), (97.95% vs 95.17%), (83.33% vs 21.43%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The detection time of ELISA method was higher than that of colloidal gold method, while the detection cost was lower than that of colloidal gold method, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In this study, there were 7 cases of false positive HIV antibody detected by ELISA method, 2 cases were not correctly treated, 2 cases were blood-sample contamination and 3 cases were sample hemolysis.Conclusion Both the ELISA method and the colloidal gold method have a certain clinical value in the detection of HIV antibodies. In contrast, the ELISA method has higher sensitivity and specificity, and can be used as the clinical preferred method. However, in the process of ELISA detection, attention should be paid to the standardization of detection, and interventions in various aspects such as specimens, reagents, temperature, and operating procedures, so as to avoid false negatives and false positives, and further improve the accuracy of clinical testing.

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更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01